Blood Type

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Following is the chart of Blood types with details of donor and recipient..

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EGG-CYCLOPEDIA

                   EGG-CYCLOPEDIA

1. Eggs are considered to be healthy and balanced food for all age groups.

2. Most of an egg’s vitamins are in the yolk (yellow)

             

3. Most of an egg’s proteins and minerals are in Albumen ( egg white)

            

4. The only difference in white and brown eggs is the colour of shell. Nutritionally both are same.

 

5. First eggs layed by young hens often have double yolks. Some older hens lay jumbo size eggs which sometimes have double yolks.

6. The best sign of freshness of an egg is that when broken into a pan it would stay firm and would not spread out fast like water.

7. To boil eggs choose 3 to 4 days old eggs, they are easier to peel.

8. Egg shells are porous hence they should not be stored with products like garlic, apples, etc. Which have strong odor…

9. It is always advised to eat thoroughly cooked eggs.

Golden Eggs give you a nutritious feast!

 

First Eggs of Young Chicken

2. The first eggs of young chickens are small but have great taste.

3. First eggs laid by young chickens often have double yolks.

1. The first eggs of young chickens are a specialty and available only during few months in a year.

Honorable Presidents of Mother India

Honorable Presidents of Mother India

1.Dr.Rajendra Prasad [1884-1963]:-


Dr. Rajendra Prasad was the 1st president of India. He held the office from 26 January 1950 to 13 May 1962.Dr.S.Radhakrishnan was the Vice President.
                                           

       

                             
 2.Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan [1888-1975]:-

Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was the 2nd president of India. He held the office from 13 May 1962 to 13 May 1967.Mr.Zakir Hussein was the Vice President.                          

        


3.Zakir Hussein [1897-1969]:-

Zakir Hussein was the 3rd president of India. He held the office from 13 May 1967 to 3 May 1969.Mr. Varahagiri Venkata Giri was the Vice President.

          


**Varahagiri Venkata Giri [1894-1980]:-Varahagiri Venkata Giri held the office from 3 May 1969 to 20 July 1969 after the death of Zakir Hussein .


       


**Muhammad Hidayatullah [1905-1992]:-

Muhammad Hidayatullah held the office from 20 July 1969 to 24 August 1969 at the time of Presidential Election.

      

4.Varahagiri Venkata Giri [1894-1980]:- 

          
Varahagiri Venkata Giri was the 4th president of India.He held the office from 24 August 1969 to 24 August 1974.Mr. Gopal Swarup Pathak was the Vice President.




         

5.Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed [1905-1977]:-


Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed was the 5th president of India. He held the office from 24 August 1974 to 11 February 1977.Mr. Basappa Danappa Jatti was the Vice President. 

           

**Basappa Danappa Jatti [1912-2002]:-


Basappa Danappa Jatti held the office from 11 February 1977 to 25 July 1977 after the death of Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed.

        


6.Neelam Sanjiva Reddy [1913-1996]:-

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy was the 6th president of India. He held the office from 25 July 1977 to 25 July 1982.Mr. Muhammad Hidayatullah was the Vice President. 

               


7.Giani Zail Singh [1916-1994]:-

Giani Zail Singh was the 7th president of India. He held the office from 25 July 1982 to 25 July 1987.Mr. Ramaswamy Venkataraman was the Vice President. 

          


8.Ramaswamy Venkataraman [1910-2009]:-


Ramaswamy Venkataraman was the 8th president of India. He held the office from 25 July 1987 to 25 July 1992.Mr. Shankar Dayal Sharma was the Vice President.




9.Shankar Dayal Sharma [1918-1999]:-

Shankar Dayal Sharma was the 9th president of India. He held the office from 25 July 1992 to 25 July 1997.Mr. Kocheril Raman Narayanan was the Vice President. 

           


10.Kocheril Raman Narayanan [1920-2005]:-

Kocheril Raman Narayanan was the 10th president of India. He held the office from 25 July 1997 to 25 July 2002.Mr. Krishan Kant was the Vice President. 


            


11.A. P. J. Abdul Kalam [1931-]:-


A. P. J. Abdul Kalam was the 11th president of India. He held the office from 25 July 2002 to 25 July 2007.Mr. Bhairon Singh Shekhawat was the Vice President. 

12.Pratibha Patil [1934-]:-

Pratibha Patil is the 12th president of India & the 1st woman to hold the President's office. She hold the office from 25 July 2007 to present.Mr. Mohammad Hamid Ansari is the Vice President. 

      

Top 5 most addictive foods

Top 5 most addictive foods     While we all know about the dangers of alcohol, drugs and cigarettes, did you know that you could become addicted to your favourite food? From withdrawal symptoms to changes in brain chemistry, our snacks have surprising ways of keeping us wanting more. Here is our guide to five of the world’s most addictive foods.

Chocolate
Many people claim to be chocoholics, but can you really be addicted to chocolate?
The answer is... perhaps. One reason many people feel "addicted" to chocolate is that
the food's chemical compounds (including theobromine, phenyethylamine, anandamide and tryptophan) actually have pleasure-inducing effects that can mimic the effects of drugs on the brain.
Chocolate also contains alkaloids (tetrahydro-beta-carbolines) which are present in alcohol
and have been linked to alcoholism.

However - before you go booking yourself into Chocoholics Anonymous - it is important to note
that many researchers have pointed out that the chemicals in chocolate also exist in other foods
which most of us do not crave. It has also been suggested that the chemicals in chocolate are
not in high enough doses to lead to addiction. Regardless, it is impossible to deny that
chocolate is one of the world's most-craved foods -
whether this is due to psychological reasons or a physical addiction.

Cheese
From pizzas to cheeseburgers, cheese is a staple of many widely-craved junk foods,
 but there could be more to our cravings than we think.
Various studies have discovered the presence of opiates -
including the highly addictive morphine - in the popular dairy product.

While the amounts of morphine in cheese are very small and probably not enough to cause addiction,
some researchers have expressed concern about its levels of casein (the main protein in cheese) which produces morphine-like opiate compounds called casomorphins during digestion.
On top of this, cheese also contains phenylethylamine, a substance with stimulant effects
which is thought to give consumers a natural "high", and which is reputed to have addictive qualities.

Sugar
We all know that sugar is bad for our health but, according to numerous studies,
it can also be addictive. Studies have suggested that when we eat sugar, chemicals
called opioids are released by the brain, which leads to an intense feeling of pleasure.
It is this feeling that people may crave in the absence of sugar.

A study by psychologists at Princeton University investigated sugar addiction
by studying its effect on rats.
They discovered that after rats were fed a diet high in sugar, they experienced symptoms
 similar to those produced by drug withdrawal when the sugar was withdrawn,
including shaking and changes in brain chemistry.
The study therefore concluded what other researchers have also suggested;
that it is possible to become severely dependent on sugar.

Burgers and other processed meat
Numerous researchers and studies have suggested that fatty, processed junk food such as burgers
 may actually be addictive. According to Professor David Kessler - an ex-commissioner of the US Food and
Drug Administration and author of The End of Overeating - the combination of fat, salt and sugar
in junk food triggers our "bliss point" and leaves us wanting more.

Scientists at the Scripps Research Institute in Florida backed up this theory with a study which found
that the addictive responses in the brains of rats when fed junk food including fatty meats were the
same as in those that consume cocaine or heroin. On top of this, meat - like chocolate, cheese and
sugar - releases opiate-like substances during digestion which some studies have suggested
can leave us craving more.

Coffee
Many feel that they can't start the day without a cup of coffee and people often joke about
having a caffeine "addiction", however this may not be far from the truth.
Although there has been much debate over the years about whether or not caffeine is genuinely addictive,
it is difficult to deny that many of us crave it to the point where we feel we can't function without it.

One reason that people may crave caffeine so much is due to the fairly severe symptoms of
caffeine withdrawal that people often face, ranging from fatigue and headaches to irritability
and depression.
However, it may be that, rather than being physically dependent on caffeine, you are actually
addicted to the belief that you can't function without your morning cup of coffee.
Whatever the reason, caffeine remains the world's most popular drug and a staple of many daily routines.

 

 

 

 

 

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How to handle hiccups

                   How to handle hiccups

 

Why they happen and how to make them stop

Hiccups are annoying, and there are plenty of
old wives' tales about how to get rid of them.

But when you've been stuck with them for twenty minutes, you'd rather know
what remedies really work – and how to keep the hiccups at bay next time.

Where do they come from?

Hiccups start when your diaphragm suddenly contracts,
followed by the flap at the top of your windpipe - the glottis -
closing, producing the 'hic' sound.

Mostly, they are caused by eating or drinking too much or too fast,
eating spicy foods, alcohol, sudden excitement or temperature changes.

Some scientists think they harken back to our more amphibious ancestors,
who had to draw water over their gills without it entering the lungs.
This same mechanism lets babies suck milk without inhaling it.

For most people, though, hiccups serve no real purpose.
But if you've wolfed down your dinner, or gasped in surprise,
don't be surprised if hiccups follow.

Any kind of emotional turmoil, be it excitement, anxiety or stress,
has also been known to contribute to short-term hiccups. 
Men and women are equally likely to experience them.

Persistent hiccups

Most hiccups go away on their own. If hiccups last longer than 48 hours -
which is rare - they're called persistent or protracted. If they’re still there a month
or more later, your hiccups are known as intractable.

These long-term types, while very rare, are more common in men and might be a sign of
something more serious, such as an affliction of your diaphragm, larynx or eardrum.
Long-term cases can also be brought on by nerve traumas like stroke, tumours or meningitis,
by metabolic disorders or by addictions to alcohol and other drugs.

Eighty per cent of long-term cases have an identifiable cause, while the remaining
twenty per cent are thought to be psychological in nature.

How to get rid of them In the case of your everyday hiccups, you should
expect them to go away on their own within a few minutes.

While there is no guaranteed way to kick a case of hiccups, there are a few easy home remedies
that ought to help. These cures range from holding your breath or breathing into a paper bag
to sipping cold water or gargling with ice water.

You can close your ears while drinking an entire glass of water in one go through a straw.
(If nothing else, onlookers might get a laugh out of this – but researchers have expressed confidence in it.)

If you’re holding your breath and feel a hiccup coming on, swallow around it.
You can also try swallowing with your nose closed.

Eating dry bread or swallowing a teaspoon of sugar might also work.

And to get a little more invasive, try tickling the soft palate in the back of the roof of

your mouth with a cotton ball, or pulling hard on your tongue.

And next time, of course – remember to savour your food, rather than scoffing it!