Blood Type

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Following is the chart of Blood types with details of donor and recipient..

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Preventing angina pain!!!

Preventing angina pain!!! Angina (also called angina pectoris) is chest discomfort, caused by reduced oxygen supply to the heart muscle, in relation to its needs. A regular exercise programme under the doctor's supervision can prevent angina. A supervised weight-loss programme in over-weight persons also reduces the chances of angina. Eat a healthy, well-balanced diet and avoid foods high in fat and cholesterol. The blood pressure should be checked regularly and kept as close as possible to 120/80mmHg. Get relaxed sleep at night. Always carry the medicines prescribed by the doctor along with the prescription. Take sublingual nitroglycerin/isosorbide (or the emergency treatment for angina as advised by the doctor) if stopping an activity doesn't help the pain, or if the pain occurs at rest. Follow-up regularly with the doctor. Avoid stress.

What is Angina (Angina animation)
Watch this helpful animation to learn more about angina, a symptom of coronary heart disease.watch the video and understand

Agent Orange Disability

Agent Orange

Nguyen Thi Ly, 9, who suffers from Agent Orange disabilities, in her home in Ngu Hanh Son district of Da Nang, Vietnam, one from Vietnam Reporting Project - Agent Orange, Jul 9, 2010. Nearly 40 years have passed since the U.S. military stopped using defoliating chemicals in Vietnam. However, the legacy of dioxin, the main ingredient in these defoliants, still exists. Receiving little support, more than 150,000 Vietnamese struggle with the devastating health impact. Photograph by Ed Kashi/VII.

The Vietnam War ended in 1975, but the scourge of dioxin contamination from a herbicide known as Agent Orange did not.

"The damage inflicted by Agent Orange is much worse than anybody thought at the end of the war," said Professor Nguyen Trong Nhan, the vice-president of the Vietnam Victims of Agent Orange Association (VAVA).

Between 1962 and 1970, millions of gallons of Agent Orange were sprayed across parts of Vietnam.

Professor Nhan, the former president of the Vietnamese Red Cross, denounced the action as "a massive violation of human rights of the civilian population, and a weapon of mass destruction".

But since the end of the Vietnam War, Washington has denied any moral or legal responsibility for the toxic legacy said to have been caused by Agent Orange in Vietnam.

The unresolved legacy and US denials of responsibility triggered three Vietnamese to take unprecedented legal action in January 2004.

The plaintiffs alleged war crimes against Monsanto Corporation, Dow Chemicals and eight other companies that manufactured Agent Orange and other defoliants used in Vietnam.

U.S. Huey helicopter spraying Agent Orange over agricultural land in Vietnam

Agent Orange was designed to defoliate the jungle and thus deny cover to Vietcong guerrillas.

It contained one of the most virulent poisons known to man, a strain of dioxin called TCCD.First it killed the rainforest, stripping the jungle bare.

In time, the dioxin then spread its toxic reach to the food chain - which some say led to a proliferation of birth deformities.

In a small commune in the heavily sprayed Cu Chi district, the family of 21-year-old Tran Anh Kiet struggles with the problems of daily living.

Agent Orange

The war in Vietnam was a tough and trying time on the United States. They were fighting guerrilla style warfare in the harsh terrain of the jungle in a foreign country. Trying to stop Communism in it's tracks, the United States sent over half a million men from 1955-1975 into South Vietnam and southeast Asia. As the number of American troops deployed to Vietnam increased, support for the war at home decreased. The American people were weary of 

the growing number of young Americans dying each week in Vietnam.

In an effort to end the war quicker, the United States began to use chemicals and herbicides to kill the jungle plants so the enemy Viet Cong could no longer hide and use guerilla warfare. The most famous of these herbicides was Agent Orange, a specific blend of chemicals that U.S planes sprayed over the jungle. More than 19 million gallons of herbicide were sprayed on Vietnam in a ten year period.

Unfortunately, Agent Orange had a more significant effect on Vietnam than the U.S. expected. Not only did it kill the jungle, but also a great deal of Vietnamese as well. Most Vietnamese and American soldiers that came into contact with the spray were effected in one way or another.

Vietnamese women gave birth to over 500,000 children with birth defects ranging from cleft palate, mental disabilities, hernias, and extra extremities. Many of theses children were effected from their mothers breast milk; studies showed high levels of dioxide in breast milk. The Vietnamese and Americans soldiers responsible for spraying Agent Orange suffered from

prohibited to employ methods or means of warfare which are intended, or may be expected, to cause widespread, long-term and severe damage to the natural environment." The purpose of Agent Orange was to destroy the environment.

respiratory problems, skin rashes, and skin cancer. The soldiers could have avoided the ramifications if they had used proper safety equipment. As seen in the youtube link below, the soldiers had little knowledge on the toxicity of the spray. To this day the aftermath of Agent Orange is evident, genetic diseases remain prominent in the once heavily sprayed areas.

Over 20 million gallons of herbicide were used during the Vietnam War. The widespread effects of Agent Orange and other harmful pesticides were probably not known by the American ground forces during the war. The Americans were less concerned about the Vietnamese people as they were about winning the war. The troops weren't thinking of the herbicides entering the soil and causing birth defects or deaths in Vietnam, they were just concerned about destroying the jungle so they could access the Viet Cong easily. Many Vietnamese and Americans died as a result of this harmful herbicide. The Things They Carried probably doesn't focus much on Agent Orange because it's from a soldier's perspective and they didn't realize the severity of what they were doing, they were just carrying out orders. If Agent Orange is mentioned in the book, it is probably just an American G.I spraying it from a boat to destroy jungle, not killing innocent civilians by accident.

ISMAIL CHOHAN

Top 5 most addictive foods

Top 5 most addictive foods     While we all know about the dangers of alcohol, drugs and cigarettes, did you know that you could become addicted to your favourite food? From withdrawal symptoms to changes in brain chemistry, our snacks have surprising ways of keeping us wanting more. Here is our guide to five of the world’s most addictive foods.

Chocolate
Many people claim to be chocoholics, but can you really be addicted to chocolate?
The answer is... perhaps. One reason many people feel "addicted" to chocolate is that
the food's chemical compounds (including theobromine, phenyethylamine, anandamide and tryptophan) actually have pleasure-inducing effects that can mimic the effects of drugs on the brain.
Chocolate also contains alkaloids (tetrahydro-beta-carbolines) which are present in alcohol
and have been linked to alcoholism.

However - before you go booking yourself into Chocoholics Anonymous - it is important to note
that many researchers have pointed out that the chemicals in chocolate also exist in other foods
which most of us do not crave. It has also been suggested that the chemicals in chocolate are
not in high enough doses to lead to addiction. Regardless, it is impossible to deny that
chocolate is one of the world's most-craved foods -
whether this is due to psychological reasons or a physical addiction.

Cheese
From pizzas to cheeseburgers, cheese is a staple of many widely-craved junk foods,
 but there could be more to our cravings than we think.
Various studies have discovered the presence of opiates -
including the highly addictive morphine - in the popular dairy product.

While the amounts of morphine in cheese are very small and probably not enough to cause addiction,
some researchers have expressed concern about its levels of casein (the main protein in cheese) which produces morphine-like opiate compounds called casomorphins during digestion.
On top of this, cheese also contains phenylethylamine, a substance with stimulant effects
which is thought to give consumers a natural "high", and which is reputed to have addictive qualities.

Sugar
We all know that sugar is bad for our health but, according to numerous studies,
it can also be addictive. Studies have suggested that when we eat sugar, chemicals
called opioids are released by the brain, which leads to an intense feeling of pleasure.
It is this feeling that people may crave in the absence of sugar.

A study by psychologists at Princeton University investigated sugar addiction
by studying its effect on rats.
They discovered that after rats were fed a diet high in sugar, they experienced symptoms
 similar to those produced by drug withdrawal when the sugar was withdrawn,
including shaking and changes in brain chemistry.
The study therefore concluded what other researchers have also suggested;
that it is possible to become severely dependent on sugar.

Burgers and other processed meat
Numerous researchers and studies have suggested that fatty, processed junk food such as burgers
 may actually be addictive. According to Professor David Kessler - an ex-commissioner of the US Food and
Drug Administration and author of The End of Overeating - the combination of fat, salt and sugar
in junk food triggers our "bliss point" and leaves us wanting more.

Scientists at the Scripps Research Institute in Florida backed up this theory with a study which found
that the addictive responses in the brains of rats when fed junk food including fatty meats were the
same as in those that consume cocaine or heroin. On top of this, meat - like chocolate, cheese and
sugar - releases opiate-like substances during digestion which some studies have suggested
can leave us craving more.

Coffee
Many feel that they can't start the day without a cup of coffee and people often joke about
having a caffeine "addiction", however this may not be far from the truth.
Although there has been much debate over the years about whether or not caffeine is genuinely addictive,
it is difficult to deny that many of us crave it to the point where we feel we can't function without it.

One reason that people may crave caffeine so much is due to the fairly severe symptoms of
caffeine withdrawal that people often face, ranging from fatigue and headaches to irritability
and depression.
However, it may be that, rather than being physically dependent on caffeine, you are actually
addicted to the belief that you can't function without your morning cup of coffee.
Whatever the reason, caffeine remains the world's most popular drug and a staple of many daily routines.

 

 

 

 

 

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How to handle hiccups

                   How to handle hiccups

 

Why they happen and how to make them stop

Hiccups are annoying, and there are plenty of
old wives' tales about how to get rid of them.

But when you've been stuck with them for twenty minutes, you'd rather know
what remedies really work – and how to keep the hiccups at bay next time.

Where do they come from?

Hiccups start when your diaphragm suddenly contracts,
followed by the flap at the top of your windpipe - the glottis -
closing, producing the 'hic' sound.

Mostly, they are caused by eating or drinking too much or too fast,
eating spicy foods, alcohol, sudden excitement or temperature changes.

Some scientists think they harken back to our more amphibious ancestors,
who had to draw water over their gills without it entering the lungs.
This same mechanism lets babies suck milk without inhaling it.

For most people, though, hiccups serve no real purpose.
But if you've wolfed down your dinner, or gasped in surprise,
don't be surprised if hiccups follow.

Any kind of emotional turmoil, be it excitement, anxiety or stress,
has also been known to contribute to short-term hiccups. 
Men and women are equally likely to experience them.

Persistent hiccups

Most hiccups go away on their own. If hiccups last longer than 48 hours -
which is rare - they're called persistent or protracted. If they’re still there a month
or more later, your hiccups are known as intractable.

These long-term types, while very rare, are more common in men and might be a sign of
something more serious, such as an affliction of your diaphragm, larynx or eardrum.
Long-term cases can also be brought on by nerve traumas like stroke, tumours or meningitis,
by metabolic disorders or by addictions to alcohol and other drugs.

Eighty per cent of long-term cases have an identifiable cause, while the remaining
twenty per cent are thought to be psychological in nature.

How to get rid of them In the case of your everyday hiccups, you should
expect them to go away on their own within a few minutes.

While there is no guaranteed way to kick a case of hiccups, there are a few easy home remedies
that ought to help. These cures range from holding your breath or breathing into a paper bag
to sipping cold water or gargling with ice water.

You can close your ears while drinking an entire glass of water in one go through a straw.
(If nothing else, onlookers might get a laugh out of this – but researchers have expressed confidence in it.)

If you’re holding your breath and feel a hiccup coming on, swallow around it.
You can also try swallowing with your nose closed.

Eating dry bread or swallowing a teaspoon of sugar might also work.

And to get a little more invasive, try tickling the soft palate in the back of the roof of

your mouth with a cotton ball, or pulling hard on your tongue.

And next time, of course – remember to savour your food, rather than scoffing it!

 

 

 

 

Tips for a great smile

Tips for a great smile

You most certainly brush your teeth, as you're keen on

having a pleasant breath and a nice, white smile.

But are you brushing correctly?

Are you doing it at the right time?

We've compiled a guide to common brushing mistakes,
and how to do it right.

You are brushing at the wrong time

You should brush your teeth at least twice a day, though three times is better.

Brushing before bed is a must.
Removing bacteria from your mouth prevents them from attacking your teeth overnight.

 

In the morning, brush your teeth before breakfast, to remove the bacteria and

plaque that has accumulated overnight.

You can also brush after lunch, but not more.

Brushing too often can damage your gums.

 

You're brushing and spitting

Once you've brushed your teeth, you probably rinse your mouth
with water to get rid of the toothpaste flavour.

This is a mistake. You should not rinse your mouth, merely spit out the toothpaste.

This will leave a coating of fluoride on your teeth, which helps prevent
tooth decay by inhibiting the chemical processes of plaque bacteria.

You’re not brushing for long enough, or too long

A quick once over will not do.

You should brush 2 to 3 minutes each time.

Anything less, and you may not properly clean your teeth.

Brushing for too long may irritate your gums.

 

You are using the wrong toothbrush

If you shop for your toothbrush on the basis of price or colour, think again.

The key thing in choosing a toothbrush is head size and bristle hardness.

The brush should be the right size for your mouth, not too big.

You can tell it's too big if you're struggling to open your mouth wide to brush.

Buy a brush with bristles that are soft, as hard bristles can irritate your gums,
especially if you brush too hard.

The bristles should be able to remove the plaque but not damage your teeth.

You're brushing the wrong way.

The recommended way to brush your teeth is not with horizontal strokes along your gums.

Instead, the current method recommended by the British Dental Health Foundation is to place the brush
at 45 degrees against your gum line and move it in small circular movements on all the surfaces of every tooth.

Brush the outer surfaces of each tooth, upper and lower, keeping the bristles angled against the gum line.

Brush the biting surfaces of the teeth.

To clean the inside surfaces of the front teeth, tilt the brush vertically and make

several small circular strokes with the front part of the brush.

Finally, brush your tongue.

This will remove bacteria from its surface and freshen your breath.

You’re not rinsing your toothbrush enough

Bacteria grows on your toothbrush, so it is important to rinse it before and after use.

It will also remove any toothpaste that may be left on the brush.

After rinsing the brush, shake out the moisture, as a moist brush is a breeding ground for bacteria.

Your toothbrush is too old

The longer you use your toothbrush, the more bent and misshapen the bristles will be,
which undermines their effectiveness.

You should replace your brush every three months, or once your bristles have lost their flexibility.

 

You're not flossing

You may be diligent at brushing your teeth, but if you're not flossing regularly,
you're failing to clean your teeth properly.

Bits of food will get stuck between your teeth in places where the bristles don't reach.
The food will decay and bacteria will attack your teeth and gums.

The only way to remove food may be by flossing, which is why
you should make a habit of doing so daily.

Buy the right floss for your teeth - waxed if you have closely spaced teeth,
or tougher floss if you have rough tooth edges.

Make sure you use enough floss, as reusing it may simply
move bacteria between teeth.